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War and society

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Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to W. Frank James

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to W. Frank James

Theodore Roosevelt thanks W. Frank James for the speeches and tells him that he is in agreement with his positions. Roosevelt expresses his support for obligatory military service and also for those who wish to volunteer for military service to fill in the gaps before enacting a draft. He compares President Woodrow Wilson leading the country in war to fighting the Civil War under James Buchanan

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1917-06-01

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to William G. Taylor

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to William G. Taylor

Theodore Roosevelt does not believe that the wars in France had anything to do with the decline in the French birthrate, as William G. Taylor suggests. Roosevelt points to the fact that the French population increased during the Napoleonic Wars. Roosevelt cites the belief of President Wheeler of the University of California that nations with low birthrates lose their ability to successfully fight wars.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1911-04-21

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Edmund von Mach

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Edmund von Mach

Theodore Roosevelt did not respond to Edmund von Mach’s previous letter as he did not want to say anything offensive. He has been informed that children are suffering across Europe, and if he were to take any action it would be for the benefit of “all the poor mothers and children.” Roosevelt will not advocate for the relaxing of the rules of war in favor of Germany as the Germans have taken advantage of these rules and continue to violate the accepted rules of war. Before the rules of war are relaxed, they must not be violated. Germany has killed thousands of mothers and children through submarine warfare and bombing campaigns. Germany also committed the initial wrong by invading Belgium and causing millions to suffer.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1916-04-05

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Cecil Spring Rice

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Cecil Spring Rice

Theodore Roosevelt believes the allies will win the war and that Great Britain and France will greatly benefit. The manhood of these nations has shown “ugly traits” and “should be tried and purged.” He is unsure if victory will bring justice to Belgium or allow the people of middle and southeastern Europe to develop as they should. Ambassador Spring Rice and Ambassador Jusserand are performing a great service to their country when it is most needed. The are standing for their nations, humanity, and mankind. Roosevelt invites Spring Rice and his wife to Oyster Bay, New York, and wants to tell them about his grandchildren. He recently received a sad letter from Winthrop Chanler reminiscing on the old times when they had youth and its “unconquerable spirit.”

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1915-02-18

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Arthur Hamilton Lee

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Arthur Hamilton Lee

Theodore Roosevelt is envious of Lieutenant Colonel Lee as he has a “chance to do a piece of duty supremely worth doing.” Roosevelt wrote a short book on the war entitled America and the World War and has not “minced matters.” He would like Lee to look at the book. Roosevelt disapproves of President Wilson, Secretary of State Bryan, and the peace advocates. In a postscript, Roosevelt has decided to send Lee the letters he wrote to Edward Grey and Cecil Spring Rice. American public opinion is swinging back towards the allies. It has been “soul-trying” to listen to pacifist Englishmen and pro-German Americans, such as Nicholas Murray Butler. Roosevelt continues to be disgusted by the policies of the Wilson administration and their efforts to take political advantage of the war.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1915-01-22

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Cecil Spring Rice

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Cecil Spring Rice

President Roosevelt would like to have Cecil Spring Rice visit him, but advises him to not leave a run in diplomatic service unless necessary. Roosevelt has fundamentally the same philosophy as Spring Rice, and hopes to avoid a race conflict such as Spring Rice worries about in the Pacific. Australia’s population is growing slowly, which worries Roosevelt, but the United States and Canadian populations are growing quickly enough that Roosevelt does not fear the threat of Asian dominance in North America. He does worry, however, about ongoing racial tensions and the weakening of the United States’ navy, which could threaten peace. While European civilization has spread over the globe in the past, it is impossible to say what will happen in the future. Domestically, Roosevelt is having a difficult time with the panic and the resulting depression and stagnation. Roosevelt believes that while the movement against corruption will ultimately succeed, even while those who lead it may seem to fail at present. He sends a copy of his message so Spring Rice might read his thoughts on the army and navy. Roosevelt feels it is abhorrent that many in Spring Rice’s country, and his own, have internalized an idea of peace in which good men should not make war, and in which advancement means a weakening of the fighting spirit.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1907-12-21

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Convicted!

Convicted!

The two-sided handbill features a reprint from the Boston Evening Transcript. The first side includes text referencing the United States’ neutrality in the “European War” and calling attention to an “editorial which appeared in the Providence Journal, soon after the start of the European War, and which was reprinted by the Boston Transcript, as shown on the following page.” On the reverse side, the cartoon entitled “Convicted!” shows a small girl, labeled “Belgium,” pointing at an over-sized German soldier. Below the cartoon is an editorial condemning German atrocities in Belgium.

Collection

Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site

Creation Date

1914-10-16

Creator(s)

Unknown

Bad for business

Bad for business

A band of street musicians is comprised of yellow journalism newspaper editors/publishers. Two men are playing “The War Wave” on horns labeled Daily Sensation (Joseph Pulitzer) and Morning Exciter (possibly James Gordon Bennett, Jr.). A man (possibly Charles A. Dana) is playing a tune labeled “Rumblings of War” on a bass drum labeled Daily Brawler. Two other men are playing tunes labeled “War Talk” and “War News.” A man with one hand over his right ear is standing at the entrance to a building labeled “Business Interests” and “Commerce and Manufactures”; with his left hand he gestures toward the musicians to stop or move on.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1896-03-25

Creator(s)

Pughe, J. S. (John S.), 1870-1909

The knitting craze

The knitting craze

At center, an effeminate Santa Claus stands in front of a fireplace where stockings are hanging. His bag of toys is on the floor nearby. He considers taking the stockings “for the Belgians.” The surrounding vignettes show scenes depicting the “knitting craze”: a chess player knits while waiting for his opponent to make a move; a society woman knits while walking the dog, with a servant following her to carry the yarn on a tray; a man knits while sitting in the bathtub, the only free time he has; passengers and a conductor knit while riding on a streetcar; a boxer drops a stitch when caught off guard by the gong; and a drunkard tells his wife “No, my dear, I wash tnitting at the tlub.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1914-12-26

Creator(s)

Mayer, Henry, 1868-1954

Address of Vice President Roosevelt at the Veterans Reunion, Burlington, Vermont, Thursday evening, Sept. 5th, 1901

Address of Vice President Roosevelt at the Veterans Reunion, Burlington, Vermont, Thursday evening, Sept. 5th, 1901

Draft of a speech with handwritten corrections. Vice President Roosevelt praises Vermont and its people for the services they rendered during the American Civil War. He views the war as bringing together a diverse range of people to fight for a “lofty ideal.” At the war’s conclusion, the soldiers returned to civilian life with a sense of duty well done and a feeling of community interest that would eventually extend even to “the gallant men who wore the grey.” Roosevelt holds the Civil War veterans up as a model to follow and shows how recent American conflicts have taught similar lessons in a lesser way.

Collection

Harvard College Library

Creation Date

1901-09-05

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Speech delivered in Portland, Maine, March 28, 1918

Speech delivered in Portland, Maine, March 28, 1918

Draft of a speech with handwritten corrections. Theodore Roosevelt argues for a complete victory over Germany and her allies. Americans must only be fully American. Those who seek to be German and American are traitors. The United States “drifted into war unarmed and helpless” even though all signs indicated that intervention would be necessary. The American military is still not an effective force and all efforts need to be made to speed up the war and introduce a “policy of permanent preparedness.” Roosevelt believes that part of this preparation should be support for small farmers and wage workers.

Collection

Harvard College Library

Creation Date

1918-03-28

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

The social and political condition of Russia

The social and political condition of Russia

George Kennan reviews the Russian Empire’s social and political conditions that could influence the outcome of a Russian war with Japan. The lack of personal security and oppressive bureaucratic regulations dispirit much of the population whose grievances are ignored or punished. Revolutionary activity can be found throughout Russia and has infiltrated the state’s armed forces. A war would further strain the state’s bureaucracy and increase popular discontent. Even supporters of the government view the potential of war with “gloomy forebodings.”

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1904-01-30

Creator(s)

Kennan, George, 1845-1924