Trusts, Industrial

Cartoon shows Theodore Roosevelt and Republican House Majority Leader Sereno Elisha Payne tightening a knot in a cord “Tariff Law 1897 [paragraph] 209 16 Dutch” around the waist of a man “Cuba” holding a “cane knife.” On the right, the cord is cut into money by the head of the American Sugar Refining Company, Henry O. Havemeyer. The money falls into bags labeled “Sugar Trust Profits.” On the left, the head of American Crystal Sugar Company, Henry Thomas Oxnard pulls on Roosevelt’s coat tails. A sugar beet protrudes from the back of Oxnard. A legend at the bottom provides quotes concerning the Roosevelt administration, sugar growing and refining interests, Congress and Cuban industrialists related to reciprocity, Cuban annexation and trade.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows a dreaming man representing Cuba next to a sugar knife “Industria” with a sugar refinery in the background. In his dream a man “Sugar Trust” walks arm in arm with Cuban ambassador to the U.S. Gonzalo de Quesada.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows man “Sugar Refining Trust” pushing a wheelbarrow full of bags of money labeled “For Cuban Investment.” A child “Philippino” rides atop the money.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1903

Cartoon shows Republican House Majority Leader Sereno Elisha Payne standing on two documents, “Tariff Law 1897 [subsection mark] 209, 16 Dutch % reduction enrich sugar trust,” and “Annexation policy, assist Cuba, do not hurt the sugar trust.” The cartoon refers to Payne’s political positions on the US annexation of Cuba, tariffs and support for the sugar trust

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows President Theodore Roosevelt and Republican House Majority Leader Sereno Elisha Payne arm in arm at the end of a pier “Sugar Trust Tariff Law 1897 [paragraph] 209, 16 Dutch.” The pier is held up by posts labeled “Trust” and waves below are labeled “political oblivion.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows blindfolded Justice holding a scale labeled “Republican Administration.” On the heavier side of the scale is a baby labeled “Sugar Trust” wearing a bracelet “12 1/2 [cent sign] and sucking on a bottle labeled “Tariff Law 1897 [paragraph] 209, Dutch Standard.” The lighter side of the scale holds the island of Cuba covered in gravestones and a label “War Bill $300 millions.” The cartoon implies that the Republican administration of Theodore Roosevelt favors the sugar trust over Cuba and the debt incurred during the Spanish American War.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows Theodore Roosevelt and Republican House Majority Leader Sereno Elisha Payne walking arm in arm between two billboards, “Help Cuba grant 25% reduction and double stock,” and “Notice! Help Cuba remove Dutch Standard in Tariff Law 1897 Paragraph 209.” The billboards are supported by posts “Sugar Trust,” “American Planters,” and “Cuban Planters.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows Theodore Roosevelt holding an oversized “message” behind his back. He stands in front of a hook on the wall “Proofs,” holding four sheets of paper: “No. 1 Beet petition,” “No. 2 Conclusions Ways and Means,” “No. 3 Notices of perpetual caucuses,” and “No. 4 Percentage Reduction pro-sugar trust.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows a bicycle messenger rushing from the White House to the Capitol with a roll of papers. As he speeds along papers labeled “Remove 16 Dutch veto,” “Must not hurt sugar trust,” and “Annexation is the policy Feb. 17, 1902” blow away. Cartoon implies that Theodore Roosevelt is sending a message to Congress regarding tariffs, the annexation of Cuba and protection of the sugar trust.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows Republican House Majority Leader Sereno Elisha Payne and a Republican elephant sweating in the top of a tree labeled “Sugar Trust.” The roots of the tree are labeled “Dutch Standard,” “Cartel,” and “Bounty.” Below the tree stands Democrat Representative John R. Thayer holding a Democratic donkey wearing blinders and wearing a blanket labeled “Resolution March 12th.” Cartoon refers to a congressional resolution introduced by Thayer to leverage divisions in the Republican party. The resolution called for an investigate into whether the sugar trust would be the primary beneficiary of Cuban reciprocity.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows a ticker tape machine labeled “Tariff Law 1897 Dutch Standard.” On the right the head of the American Sugar Refining Company, Henry Osborne Havemeyer surrounded by three overstuffed bags labeled “Sugar Trust Profits” cuts the ticker tape into dollar bills that fall into a feed trough in front of the GOP elephant and the Democratic donkey. Republican Speaker of the House Sereno Elisha Payne holds the tail of the elephant while James D. Richardson, a Democratic Congressman holds the tail of the donkey.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows President Roosevelt sitting in front of the U.S. Capitol reciting his June 13, 1902 message to Congress. On the left is a Cuban cannon firing a shot through a rolled sheet of paper, “Cuban reciprocity proposition except light colored sugar” as the head of the American Crystal Sugar Company, H. T. Oxnard, labeled “Beet sugar,” flees. On the right is a San Domingo cannon firing a shot through a rolled sheet of paper, “Dominican reciprocity offer, % reduction no exceptions” as a man “Sugar Trust” sends a telegram that fires the Cuban cannon.

Comments and Context

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Cartoon shows a boxing sugar beet “Productores” (Producers) punching a man “Monopolio Refinador Americano” (American Refining Trust) with fists labeled “Teller Investigacion” and “Resolucion Ley de Reciprocidad Congreso Cubano Nov. 28, 1902” “Reciprocity Resolution Cuban Congress Nov. 28, 1902”.) The man being punched wears boxing gloves “Quesada” and “Bliss” representing Cuban ambassador to the United States Gonzalo de Quesada and Tasker Howard Bliss, Special Envoy to Cuba. In the corner of the ring is Theodore Roosevelt with a bucket of water “Enmienda Platt” (Platt Amendment) and a fan “16 Escala Holandesa” referring to provisions for sugar in the Tariff Law of 1897.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows Special Envoy to Cuba Tasker Howard Bliss standing before an army of sugar beets. In the background a man “Sugar Refining Trust” watches with a smile. Bliss holds a rolled sheet of paper “Cuban reciprocity, sugar refining protocol.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows Cuban President Tomas Estrada y Palma and Cuban Minister to the U.S. Gonzalo de Quesada playing ping pong on a table labeled “Washington / Havana” with a ball “Tratado reciprocidad Cubana Americana” (Cuban American reciprocity treaty). A man “Monopolio Azucarero Americano” (American Sugar Trust) watches.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows President Roosevelt carrying a large rolled paper “Message.” A man labeled “Sugar Trust” carries an umbrella labeled “Reciprocity” as a storm cloud “Tariff Revision” looms overhead. At the men’s feet is music “Ain’t dat a shame, a meas-ly shame”.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows a boxing sugar beet “Producers” punching President Roosevelt labeled “Reciprocity Champion” with fists labeled “Teller Investigation” and “Reciprocity Resolution Cuban Congress Nov. 28, ’02.” Roosevelt wears boxing gloves “Quesada” and “Bliss” representing Cuban ambassador to the United States Gonzalo de Quesada and Tasker Howard Bliss, Special Envoy to Cuba. In the corner of the ring is a man labeled “Sugar Refining Trust.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows a wealthy man “Sugar Trust” holding a cloth (?) labeled “Reciprocity” in his fist. Republican House Majority Leader Sereno Elisha Payne, a skeleton representing Cuba, and President Roosevelt all pull on a portion of the cloth. Roosevelt wears a sword “Tariff modifications.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

Cartoon shows a wealthy man “Sugar Trust” seated in a chair ‘[paragraph] 209 16 Dutch” smoking a pipe “Sec. 4 Tariff Law 1897” from which issues smoke labeled “Reciprocity.” A man “Beet Sugar” pulls on the back of the chair as President Roosevelt, holding a “Special Message,” and Democratic Congressman James D. Richardson spur on an elephant and a donkey hitched to a harness connected to a footstool “Duty on dark colored sugar” under the feet of the man.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1902

The First National Bank of Birmingham comments on the recent Governors and Commissioners of Agriculture conference investigating the decrease in cotton sales price despite increased production. The Bank reports on the discouraging situation surrounding the government’s dissolution of the United States Steel Corporation. It is “simply absurd” to think that the Panic of 1907 was deliberately caused to acquire the Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company. Birmingham citizens knew that before its acquisition, the Company’s stock did not have loanable value, and its credit was impaired. Since its acquisition, the Company aided in developing the local district, improvements which have been delayed due to the dissolution. Overall economic conditions in the district are favorable, although the upcoming presidential election could alter commercial and manufacturing activity. 

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1911-11-01