Revolutions

In anticipation of General Edwards’s arrival in Manila, Frank W. Carpenter informs him of the political and economic conditions of the Philippines during American occupation. Carpenter has lived in the Philippines for nine years and has a thorough understanding of the Filipino people. Although many in the United States worry about an insurrection in the Philippines, Carpenter assures Edwards that most Filipinos are peaceful and that public order is in good condition. Carpenter believes that a Nationalist majority in the Assembly would be beneficial to American interests, even though people in the United States think differently.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1907-09-06

Creator(s)

Carpenter, Frank W. (Frank Watson), 1871-1945

George von Lengerke Meyer had believed that revolution in Russia was improbable, but events of the past week have altered conditions. There have been strikes, the disturbances in Lodz, and the arousing by the socialists. Also, there is a general dissatisfaction among the people over the last mobilization.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1905-07-03

Creator(s)

Meyer, George von Lengerke, 1858-1918

Ambassador Meyer describes to William Loeb revolutionary events such as strikes, disturbances, and a mutiny taking place in Lodz, Libau, and Odessa, Russia. Meyer cannot foretell what would happen if Japan does not agree to an armistice and conquers the Russian Army.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1905-07-03

Creator(s)

Meyer, George von Lengerke, 1858-1918

President Reyes seeks support from President Roosevelt in reconstructing Colombia. Reyes tells Roosevelt that Colombia has suffered from anarchy and poverty owing to three years of “civil strife and approaching disintegration,” during which a revolution had taken place in Panama, leading to its secession from Colombia. In the five months of his presidency, Reyes has subdued anarchy and closed the “era of savage warfare” in Colombia. Reyes believes Roosevelt helping him to reconstruct Colombia would be an act of simple justice.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1905-01-13

Creator(s)

Reyes, Rafael, 1851-1921

President Roosevelt watches as Secretary of War William H. Taft squashes a man with a “revolution” football.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1906-10-14

Creator(s)

Berryman, Clifford Kennedy, 1869-1949

There are reports that revolutionary forces are preparing an attack on the government forces of Colombia in Panama. Due to America’s potential interest in the New Panama Canal Company of France and guarantees of free transit across the isthmus, it may be necessary to secure the railroad terminals and route. Naval forces have been ordered towards Panama to protect the interests of the United States.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1902-09-12

Creator(s)

Moody, William H. (William Henry), 1853-1917

A ship lies at a loading dock in Cuba or South America where they are shipping their revolutions, with scenery, military equipment, and personnel, to Coney Island. There is organization and composure in the boarding of the ship as revolutionaries and soldiers await their turns.

comments and context

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1906-10-03

A crown in the shape of a human skull appears against a background of blood dripping into the title area at the bottom.

comments and context

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1905-12-27

A Russian man stands on a rowboat, using an axe labeled “Nat’l Assembly” to battle an octopus labeled “Bureaucracy.” The octopus wears a crown and royal robe, and its tentacles are labeled “Graft, Exile, Oppressive Taxation, Despotism, Religious Intolerance, Cossackism, Incompetence, [and] Greed.”

comments and context

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1905-06-21

Uncle Sam, with a bundle of papers labeled “Canal Plans,” pats a diminutive man, wearing a hat labeled “Panama,” on the shoulder. The man smiles broadly and is leaning on a large sword. Canal construction equipment is just offshore, in the background. Caption: Uncle Sam — Well! Well! You boys have at last had a revolution which will help the whole world.

comments and context

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1903-11-25

President Roosevelt would prefer to have outright control of the canal route and does not believe that Colombia has the right to permanently “block one of the world’s great highways.” However, Roosevelt cannot express his feelings publicly as this would be taken as an effort to incite an insurrection in Panama. Item includes typewritten and shorthand copy.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1903-09-10

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Theodore Roosevelt provides several corrections to William Roscoe Thayer’s article, “John Hay and the Panama Republic.” Roosevelt denies conspiring with Philippe Bunau-Varilla and defends his actions as Colombia could not be treated as a “responsible power.” Had there not been a revolt, Roosevelt was prepared to seize the isthmus by force. However, he took advantage of the situation and stopped the “bandits” from holding up a great project.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1915-07-02

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Theodore Roosevelt is a “genuine lover of peace” and does not believe war is necessary to “maintain the virile qualities.” However, he believes the professional pacifists have lost these qualities and are the “very worst enemies of real peace.” Lewis Einstein currently holds an interesting position at the American embassy in Istanbul and it must be a “sad spectacle” to view the failures of the Turkish revolution. Roosevelt had hoped that Turkey could transform and lead the Muslim community into the modern world. It appears they could not.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1915-05-29

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Theodore Roosevelt thanks William M. Hanson for his letter and expresses regret that he cannot do more, both for “our people” and the “innocent Mexicans, who have suffered so dreadfully.”

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1915-03-05

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Theodore Roosevelt is angry that David Saville Muzzey’s book says that the United States government knew about the revolt in Panama. The Metropolitan Magazine will contain Roosevelt’s statement on the business.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1915-01-16

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

President Roosevelt encloses copies of his message about Panama. Matthew Hale had said that it was difficult to refute the statement that the revolution in Panama had been planned in Washington. Roosevelt believes that the burden of proof is on the person making that argument, and that statements about the date of his message about Panama are a lie. Roosevelt had planned to take the Isthmus through ethical and legal means before the revolution broke out.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-01-06

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

President Roosevelt informs President of Harvard Eliot of his plan to send a separate message to Congress regarding the Reed memorial and asks him to send supporting materials to raise a subscription for the widow. Regrettably, he is unable to speak at Harvard next year. In “strict privacy,” he shares of President of Cuba Tomás Estrada Palmas’ request to intervene and in connection, discusses the justification of the Revolutionary War.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1906-09-13

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

President Roosevelt believes that “even such a rabbit” as New York City mayor George B. McClellan will be able to “do the decent and courteous thing” following the election regarding the British squadron. In a postscript, he instructs Secretary of the Navy Bonaparte to tell Admiral R. B. Bradford to stop any revolution on Santo Domingo. He also discusses the problem of “the submarine business,” and endorses Bonaparte’s disagreeing with his superior and expert subordinate. However, Roosevelt is concerned that pay discrepancies may cause qualified and desirable men to leave their positions.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1905-09-04

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Major Wise reports on the insurrection and unrest currently happening on Leyte. The insurrection and unrest are growing, and the local government is doing little to stop it. The United States government is unpopular there, and the writer reports that the Leyte locals are uninterested in their system of government. Most of the people are “practically peons of the powerful or wealthy class,” making them easily swayed to join insurrections. The “native press” is also a drawback for the United States. The writer believes that they are given too much freedom to criticize the United States and their system of government consistently misappropriates the situation, which misleads locals.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1906-08-24

Creator(s)

Wise, Hugh Douglas, 1871-1942

Acting Secretary of State Bacon sends President Roosevelt a copy of a dispatch from Jacob Sleeper, American chargé d’affaires, about the “extent and progress of the present uprising” in Cuba.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1906-09-06

Creator(s)

Bacon, Robert, 1860-1919