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Jews--Migrations

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Letter from William Williams to Theodore Roosevelt

William Williams, the Commissioner of Immigration at Ellis Island, answers several of Theodore Roosevelt’s questions about the way that immigrants are classified by race when they enter the United States. He explains in depth the distinctions between various categories of people coming from Russia, and clarifies that “Hebrews” are classed based on their race, and not on their Jewish faith. The country does not track the religions of immigrants. Williams is unable to fully discuss the classification of Cuban, West Indian, or Spanish American immigrants at present.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1911-07-15

Creator(s)

Williams, William, 1862-1947

Letter from Nathan Bijur to Theodore Roosevelt

Nathan Bijur tells President Roosevelt that he and Lee K. Frankel attended a meeting at the Metropolitan Temple whether the question of whether Russian Jews should be excluded from emigration to the United States was being debated. Bijur was excited and impressed that no one at the meeting was willing to argue in favor of exclusion. He believes that this confirms his theory that Jews need not apply to the government to specifically allow for the inclusion of persecuted Jews, because the average American is not in favor of keeping them out.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1905-12-05

Creator(s)

Bijur, Nathan, 1862-1930

Seder at Ellis Island

Two newspaper articles describe a seder service held at Ellis Island for ninety detained Russian Jewish immigrants. The supplies and cost for the religious service were paid for by the private catering company that held the Ellis Island contract.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1904-04

Creator(s)

Unknown

Russia combats petition

The Russian foreign office has refused to accept a petition on behalf of Russian Jews forwarded by President Roosevelt. The foreign office considers it a domestic matter and compared the situation to the United States accepting an anti-lynching petition.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1903-07-03

Creator(s)

Unknown