Your TR Source
Archduke Ludwig Salvator thanks Theodore Roosevelt for sending the book on African hunting. Books can take time to arrive from Vienna, so Salvator is thanking Roosevelt now and will write again once it has been received. Salvator hopes to come back to America and see Roosevelt.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1911
President Roosevelt asks Kermit Roosevelt if William Loeb sent him “the matter” about the Brownsville incident for his debate. Roosevelt then proceeds to tell his son about an amusing interaction with Ellen C. Bonaparte who declared she had been taking people who lead “gray and hundrum lives [sic]” to the White House to bring them pleasure. He trusts Kermit will not tell anyone, and shares another story about the daughter of Emperor of Austria Franz Joseph I. Roosevelt also tells Kermit about Archibald B. Roosevelt’s pet guinea pigs, Mr. and Mrs. Longworth.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1907-01-19
Views of Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, and an entourage of military officers and civilians walking down a wide avenue; the street is lined with people greeting the Emperor. Interior title notes location as Vienna, Austria, and notes that Theodore Roosevelt was entertained by the Emperor at the palace. Roosevelt visited the Emperor in April 1910; there are no views of Roosevelt on the film.
Library of Congress Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound
1910
Animated cartoon of Theodore Roosevelt’s reception in Europe during his April-June 1910 tour. Sequences of crowned heads of Europe sitting in an open automobile, labeled Europe, located on a pier. Roosevelt, carrying a big stick, is in the bow of a ship that approaches the pier as the crowned heads wave. Caricatured are: Roosevelt; Victor Emanuel III of Italy; Manuel II of Portugal; Franz Joseph I of Austria; Alfonso XIII of Spain; Nicholas II of Russia; Edward VII of Great Britain; Clément Fallières of France; and William II of Germany.
Library of Congress Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound
1910
In a classroom, the rulers of several countries are the students. Most are identified by country and showing the attributes of their leaders, including, in the back row, “Russia” (Nicholas II), “Germany” (William II), and England (John Bull), and in the front row, “Austria” (Franz Joseph I), “France” (Emile Loubet), Uncle Sam, Japan (Meiji, Emperor of Japan), and Italy (Victor Emmanuel III). On the far left, sitting on a stool, is “Turkey” wearing a “Dunce” cap. The teacher labeled “Diplomacy,” at the front of the room, points to a blackboard on which is written “If the Boer War cost Great Britain $825,000,000 what would a world’s war cost?” While most of the leaders ponder this question, Russia and Japan glare at each other. There are three wastebaskets filled with weapons.
“Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before.”
John Bull, representing “England,” and a line of European rulers with the attributes of Nicholas II “Russia,” William II “Germany,” Franz Joseph I “Austria,” Emile Loubet “France,” Victor Emmanuel III “Italy,” and Alfonso XIII “Spain,” each with a broom, stand on a beach trying to sweep back the wave of “American Commerce” about to crash on their shores.
This cartoon seems to depict old ladies duplicating the futile resolution of legendary King Canute, who attempted to command ocean waves to recede. In fact the women, representing leaders of world trade, with their brooms and mops, were familiar as “Mrs Partingtons” to readers in 1902. Lost in obscurity today, Mrs. Partington was a comic figure in text humor created by Benjamin Penshallow Shillaber of the Boston Post, and in reprint books. Allegedly his character was inspired by an invented character of the British critic Sydney Smith about a self-absorbed busybody who attempted to mop the Atlantic Ocean from her door during a storm. In Shillaber’s hands, Mrs. Partington became known for silly aphorisms, malaprops, and semi-logical pronouncements. When Shillaber died in 1890, his very famous character died with him, but eulogists declared they would live forever in American culture. The necessity of this explanation suggests the contrary. The main point of Pughe’s cartoon is that by 1902 the United States has become the world’s largest trading nation.
Uncle Sam sits at a table with 10 figures, three of which are unidentified, the others showing the attributes of the rulers of Russia (Nicholas II), England (Edward VII), Germany (William II), Japan (Meiji, Emperor of Japan), Italy (Victor Emmanuel III), Austria (Franz Joseph I), and France (Emile Loubet), representing the eight nation alliance. A large tray of fruit labeled “Chinese Indemnity” is on the table. Hanging above the table by a thin string is an enormous sword labeled “Awakening of China.”
The world powers who suffered financial, diplomatic, personnel, and moral setbacks at the hands of the Boxer movement in China, withdrew from activism in China around the time of this cartoon. In formal terms, the combined troops of colonial powers defeated Boxer elements, but the truth is represented by the fact that these powers virtually abandoned their positions in the Celestial City and throughout the country. A “face saving” aspect against China was the demand for indemnities for the losses sustained by the allied powers. This cartoon presents a new spin on the “Sword of Damocles” hanging over world politics by the awakening of a sleeping giant, China.
The rulers of “Russia,” “Germany,” “Italy,” “Austria,” “France,” and “England” are chickens trying to hatch a large egg labeled “China.” A chicken labeled “Japan” stands in the background with Uncle Sam, also as a chicken, perched on a fence in the rear.
This is one of dozens of cartoons published during the Boxer Rebellion that depicts the conflict as merely intractable or challenging rather than as an insoluble crisis. The cartoonist also perpetuates the situation as being one where the United States (Uncle Sam) is nothing more than an observer. In truth, U. S. Marines played a major role in defending the besieged legations and defeating the Chinese insurgents.
Uncle Sam leads John Bull and a group of other world leaders down the center aisle between an exhibition of suffragettes and feminists on pedestals. Among the figures are “Mrs. Faith Healer,” “Woman Evangelist,” “Mrs. Lease” holding a large rake, and an elderly woman wearing a crown labeled “Queen of Holland Dames,” as well as one woman labeled “D.A.R.” Those identified are: “Dr. Mary Walker,” “Belva Lockwood,” “Susan B. Anthony,” “E. Cady Stanton,” “Mrs. Eddy Christian Scientist,” and “Carrie Nation of Kansas” holding a large ax.
In this drawing, cartoonist Dalrymple takes aim at early feminists, temperance crusaders, and suffragettes, using the upcoming World Exposition at Buffalo as a setting. Five months later at this expo, President William McKinley was assassinated.
Uncle Sam and John Bull stand with six figures showing the attributes of the rulers of Russia (Nicholas II), Germany (William II), Japan (Meiji, Emperor of Japan), Italy (Umberto I), Austria (Franz Joseph I), and France (Emile Loubet), representing the eight nation alliance. They look up at a mountain labeled “Chinese Question” topped with the face of an angry Chinese person.
As the Boxer Rebellion in China morphed from commercial challenges into a matter of deadly massacres of Westerners and Japanese, and desperate sieges in embassies and compounds, the colonial situation seemed intractable to the newcomers. The caption’s reference to a “kopje” is ironic — a sudden and solitary mountainous rise on an otherwise flat horizon is a word of South African origin, and at the time of this cartoon, another thorn in the side of colonialism was the Boer Rebellion in the southern tip of Africa.
The rulers of Germany, France, Austria, Japan, and John Bull, representing England, watch as the ruler of Russia lights the fuse of a large firecracker labeled “China.”
At the time of this cartoon’s publication, the daily news carried stories from China about the worst period of the Boxer Rebellion, when European powers, American, and Japanese citizens, businesses, and missionaries were being killed and besieged by aggrieved nationalists.
President Roosevelt is disappointed in Assistant Secretary of State Alvey A. Adee’s replies to the telegrams of congratulations, which pertain to Roosevelt’s escape from a carriage accident. Four examples are enclosed from Emperor Franz Joseph I; Leopold II, King of the Belgians; Arthur James Balfour; and George Sydenham Clarke, Governor of the Australian State of Victoria.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1902-09-09
President Roosevelt tells Charles S. Francis, the American Ambassador to Austria, that he was interested in the letter that Francis sent, and was glad that Francis showed his usual tact and good judgement in congratulating Emperor Franz Joseph I on his anniversary.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1908-06-12
President Roosevelt thanks Ambassador Francis for the letter and says that he appreciates the words from Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria. Roosevelt does not plan to go to Europe after leaving office and says that if he makes any trip, it will be to Africa.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1908-03-26
President Roosevelt tells Ambassador Francis that he appreciates Emperor Franz Joseph’s words. Roosevelt admires the Austrian ruler, and sympathizes with his work. He hopes to see Francis while he is in the United States.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1907-06-05
Joseph E. Fischnaller greatly prizes Theodore Roosevelt’s letter. He declares the Austro-Hungarian Veterans will continue supporting Roosevelt’s policies. During a recent visit to Akron, Ohio, Fischnaller visited poet Thomas Emmet Moore, who is sending Roosevelt a copy of his latest work. Moore’s father, John T. Moore, translated Fischnaller’s poems, one of which he sends to Roosevelt. Two of Fischnaller’s poems are included in the private library of Emperor of Austria Franz Joseph I.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1911-01-14
Ambassador Francis sends news of a gift given to President Roosevelt. It is an album containing pictures commemorating important events from the past ten years of Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria’s reign.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1909-01-08
Ambassador Reid has discussed President Roosevelt’s upcoming trip to Africa with Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, and reports that the issue regarding permits to enter game reserves has been resolved. The licenses will be taken care of. Crewe-Milnes assured Reid that Roosevelt’s needs will be taken care of, but that the British government understands that he does not want a fuss. Reid also discusses a number of domestic political issues in England, as well as the state of international affairs in Europe. He thinks that in spite of rumors in the British press about southwestern Europe, a war is unlikely. Reid encloses a caricature of Roosevelt that he thinks he will find amusing.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1908-11-03
Ambassador Francis conveyed President Roosevelt’s message of congratulations to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on the occasion of his sixtieth year on the throne. He relays the Emperor’s formal reply thanking Roosevelt for the consideration, and then relates the informal conversation they had afterwords where the Emperor spoke fondly of Roosevelt and said that Roosevelt’s retirement from office was a great loss. Emperor Franz Joseph I also commented on Roosevelt’s plan to go on a safari in Africa, and talked about his own love of hunting.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1908-05-28
American Ambassador to Austria Francis recently dined with Emperor Franz Joseph I, and relates some of the conversation topics to President Roosevelt. The Emperor regrets that Roosevelt will not continue to serve as president and thinks this is a misfortune for the American people. He has heard that Roosevelt is thinking of going on a hunting trip to Africa, and hopes that if Roosevelt’s travels bring him to Europe, he will be able to visit Vienna.
Library of Congress Manuscript Division
1908-03-15