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Fortification

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Uncle Sam’s dream of conquest and carnage – caused by reading the Jingo newspapers

Uncle Sam’s dream of conquest and carnage – caused by reading the Jingo newspapers

Uncle Sam lies asleep in a chair with a large eagle perched on a stand next to him. He is dreaming of conquests and annexations, asserting his “Monroe Doctrine” rights, becoming master of the seas, putting John Bull in his place, and building “formidable and invulnerable coast defenses.” On the floor by the chair are jingoistic and yellow journalism newspapers.

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1895-11-13

Creator(s)

Keppler, Udo J., 1872-1956

A horse chestnut

A horse chestnut

The “USS Merrimac,” a cargo ship, is under fire as it passes between the fortifications at the Socapa Battery and Morro Castle at the entrance to Santiago de Cuba Bay, Cuba, during the Spanish-American War. Includes an American flag labeled with the names of the eight volunteer sailors, “Hobson, Charette, Murphy, Deignan, Phillips, Kelly, Clausen, [and] Montague,” intent on scuttling the ship to block the harbor and trap the Spanish fleet within. Caption: The Trojan Horse – Great Olympus! These Yankee exploits put me clear in the shade!

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1898-06-29

Creator(s)

Dalrymple, Louis, 1866-1905

Satisfying their curiosity

Satisfying their curiosity

John Bull sits on a strong fortress representing England, with a telescope in one hand and strings attached to battleships in the other. On the edge of the continent are four figures representing “Germany” (William II), “Austria” (Franz Joseph I), “Italy” (Umberto I) and “France” (Felix Faure) wondering what John Bull is doing. In the background, a battle rages between the United States and Spain around the island of Cuba. Caption: The Continental Powers–What are you doing there? / John Bull–Oh! nothing, nothing at all; – just looking on!

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1898-05-18

Creator(s)

Pughe, J. S. (John S.), 1870-1909

The attack on our outer ramparts – first the house of refuge – then the public schools – then – the Constitution!

The attack on our outer ramparts – first the house of refuge – then the public schools – then – the Constitution!

A hapless army of clergymen assaults a fortress labeled “Non-Sectarian Institution” around a building labeled “House of Refuge” with a battering ram labeled “Freedom of Worship Bill.” One bishop is carrying a military standard labeled “In hoc signo vinces” (In this sign you will conquer) that shows a ballot box labeled “Irish Vote.” Defending the ramparts are newspaper editors, including Puck. In the middle distance is a building labeled “Public School” and in the background, atop a hill, is a statue labeled “Constitution” that states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1885-04-22

Creator(s)

Keppler, Joseph Ferdinand, 1838-1894

Another bombardment – the newspaper fleet firing on the Bedouins in Washington

Another bombardment – the newspaper fleet firing on the Bedouins in Washington

Print shows newspaper editors Charles A. Dana, James G. Bennett, Carl Schurz, Henry Watterson, George W. Curtis, and Whitelaw Reid, as well as Puck, with a fleet of paper gunboats labeled “N.Y. Times, N.Y. Sun, N.Y. Herald, Ev. Post, Puck, Brooklyn Eagle, Courier-Journal, Harpers, Phila Times, Mail, [and] N.Y. Tribune.” The fleet is firing cannons, “ink” bottles, and pens, bombarding a fortress flying a flag labeled “Plunder,” where the walls are comprised of paper bundles labeled “Bills, Jobs, Bargains, Corrupt Bills, [and] Logrolling.” The fortress is defended by “Robeson Bey” standing at center with a bandage labeled “Record” around his head, “Keifer” and “Jones,” with John A. Logan labeled “306,” James D. Cameron, David Davis, John Sherman, and others. Cannonballs burst among them labeled “Criticism, Censure, [and] Condemnation.” The fortress cannons are labeled “River & Harbor Bill $20,000,000, Pension Arrears $103,962,300, Monitor Job, Public Buildings, Mileage Steal, [and] Mississippi Levee.” Within the fortress are the U.S. Capitol and the U.S. Treasury labeled “Ammunition House.”

Collection

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

Creation Date

1882-08-02

Creator(s)

Gillam, Bernhard, 1856-1896

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to William S. Cowles

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to William S. Cowles

Theodore Roosevelt is surprised at Ambassador Bryce’s questions regarding the fortifying of the Panama Canal. Fortifications will keep the fleet available for operations and are not aimed at a particular nation. The canal could last for centuries and any nation could eventually be an enemy. Roosevelt compares the situation to Great Britain’s presence at Gibraltar. Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt’s health continues to improve.

Collection

Harvard College Library

Creation Date

1911-10-27

Creator(s)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919