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Listing in chronological order of the eighteen national monuments established by President Theodore Roosevelt under the authority granted him by the Antiquities Act of 1906. The list is followed by two paragraphs of text that define the president’s power under the act and by a quote from Roosevelt about the Grand Canyon.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
1999
Francis P. McManamon examines the origins of the Antiquities Act of 1906 that President Theodore Roosevelt and his successors used to safeguard natural and scientific sites across the United States. McManamon asserts that it was threats to ancient archaeological sites across the American Southwest that led to calls for greater government intervention, and he highlights the case of the Casa Grande ruins in Arizona. McManamon notes the work of private organizations, government agencies, individuals, and members of Congress, most importantly Congressman John F. Lacey of Iowa, who worked to save important sites before the passage of the Antiquities Act. McManamon traces the slow path to passage of the Antiquities Act, and he highlights its important text and provisions. He notes how Roosevelt used the act to set aside eighteen national monuments, and he asserts that Roosevelt’s actions, especially in regards to the Grand Canyon of Arizona, set important precedents for his successors, especially President Bill Clinton.
Two photographs and two illustrations supplement the text.
Char Miller explores the use and evolution of the Antiquities Act of 1906, which President Theodore Roosevelt made extensive use of during his second term in office. Miller notes how the Act emerged from the Progressive movement with its faith in a strong central government and trained experts. Miller notes that the Act has been seen as part of the growing power of the executive branch of government, but he notes that the national monuments created by the Act lacked protection and development for decades until the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Miller highlights national monuments such as Devils Tower, Navajo National Monument, and the Grand Canyon.
The article includes five photographs of Roosevelt in 1895, 1903, 1910, 1911, and 1914.
John F. Reiger explores the relationships that led to Theodore Roosevelt’s championing the conservation of natural resources as president. Reiger focuses most of his attention on Roosevelt’s friendship with George Bird Grinnell with whom he would found the hunting and conservation group, the Boone and Crockett Club. Reiger also notes the influence of John F. Lacey, Frank M. Chapman, and others, and he describes how Roosevelt in turn would prove to be an inspiration to future leaders in the environmental movement. Reiger examines Roosevelt’s role in preserving Yellowstone National Park and the Grand Canyon, and he asserts that there is no contradiction in Roosevelt espousing both utilitarian and aesthetic conservation.
Two photographs of Roosevelt in Yellowstone National Park in 1903 appear in the essay.
Tweed Roosevelt asks why there has been so little consideration of Theodore Roosevelt’s record as a conservationist. He reviews some of the major biographies and histories of Roosevelt and his time and finds that their examination of Roosevelt as a conservationist is scanty at best. Tweed Roosevelt identifies Roosevelt’s father, Theodore Roosevelt, and his uncle, Robert Barnwall Roosevelt, as important figures in shaping Roosevelt’s interest in the natural world, and he surveys the actions taken by Roosevelt as Governor of New York and President of the United States to safeguard rivers, forests, birds, and natural wonders such as the Grand Canyon.
Two photographs of Theodore Roosevelt and one of Robert Barnwall Roosevelt supplement the text.
David Sarasohn describes how both Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton looked to Theodore Roosevelt for inspiration and as someone to emulate. Sarasohn also asserts that Roosevelt’s reputation has risen in recent decades because Roosevelt seems perfectly suited to the modern age of politics with its emphasis on images and sound bites, both of which Roosevelt mastered in his own time.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
2002
Ethan M. Fishman argues that President Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to conservation of natural resources reflects Aristotle’s contention that the most effective political leaders are those who practice prudence. Fishman says that Roosevelt was able to balance the needs of the present with the needs of the future in conservation, and he cites examples such as the setting aside of national forests, monuments, and bird preserves. Fishman explains Aristotle’s definition of prudence, and he cites Pericles and Abraham Lincoln as leaders who practiced prudence in their leadership. Fishman says that Roosevelt’s “applied idealism” approach to governing shows his understanding of the need to uphold ideals while striving to achieve practical ends.
A profile illustration of Lincoln and two photographs of Roosevelt accompany the text.
Theodore Roosevelt signed the Antiquities Act of 1906 and used it to establish the first eighteen national monuments–a number that no subsequent president has matched.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
1988
Secretary of Agriculture Wilson acknowledges receipt of Secretary of the Interior Hitchcock’s previous letter concerning the proposed Lassen Peak National Park. As Hitchcock requested, he has requested Chief Forester Gifford Pinchot to examine the region and make a report, which Wilson will forward to Hitchcock. Wilson is somewhat doubtful whether a national park should be created inside a forest reserve, and believes the goal of protecting the area could more economically be accomplished if President Roosevelt were to designate the area a national monument using the Antiquities Act of 1906.
1906-11-21
Under the Antiquities Act of 1906, President Roosevelt declares Lassen Peak a National Monument, commenting that it is a site of special importance in tracing the history of volcanic activity of the Cascade Range. The precise area within Lassen Peak National Forest which Roosevelt so designates is defined by a map.
1907-05-06
John A. Gable provides a comprehensive accounting of the conservation record of President Theodore Roosevelt, and in ten quotations dating from 1905 to 1912, Roosevelt explains his philosophy of conservation. Roosevelt stresses that natural resources must be carefully managed for future generations and that conservation is the most important issue facing the country. Gable lists the 21 reclamation projects, 150 national forests, 51 bird refuges, and 4 national game preserves established by Roosevelt during his presidency. Gable also lists the 5 national parks and 18 national monuments created during Roosevelt’s tenure. He also notes the 7 different commissions and conferences called by Roosevelt during his presidency to study issues related to conservation and natural resources.
Photographs of Roosevelt at the dedication of the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona, at a federal bird refuge in Louisiana, and on horseback supplement the text.
A listing of the officers of the Theodore Roosevelt Association along with the members of its executive, finance, and Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace committees is included in the article.
Edward P. Cliff provides a brief history of Theodore Roosevelt’s leadership of the conservation movement. Cliff highlights Roosevelt’s role in founding the Boone and Crockett Club, emphasizes the importance of Roosevelt’s friendship with Gifford Pinchot and their role in establishing the Forest Service, and notes the use that Roosevelt made of the Antiquities Act to create national monuments.
A photograph of Roosevelt at the dedication of the Roosevelt Dam and an illustration of Roosevelt in a dynamic speaking pose accompany the article.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
1983
Description of Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota which details the landscape, wildlife, and historic structures found at the North and South Units and the Elkhorn Ranch site. The article concludes with a look at the conservation measures undertaken by President Theodore Roosevelt.
A photograph of Roosevelt on horseback is featured on the first page of the article.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
1983
In “News of the Association,” John A. Gable discusses plans for the Quasquicentennial of Theodore Roosevelt’s birth during 1982 and 1983. He provides a detailed look at an article about Roosevelt’s conservation legacy in National Geographic Magazine and also examines Paul Schullery’s article about Roosevelt and fishing in The American Fly Fisher. Gable discusses Roosevelt’s use of the Antiquities Act, notes the passing of members of the Theodore Roosevelt Association (TRA), and quotes extensively from a letter from Alton A. Lindsay praising the value of the Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal to scholars. Gable notes the TRA’s support of the Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site in Buffalo, New York, praises the documentary film My Father the President about life at Sagamore Hill, and acknowledges the work of Wallace Finley Dailey of Harvard University in compiling a bibliography of journal and magazine articles about Roosevelt.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
1982
Two paragraph excerpt from Paul Russell Cutright’s Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist that describes President Theodore Roosevelt’s decision to establish the Pelican Island bird refuge in Florida along with a number of other bird reservations from 1903 to 1909. The Cutright excerpt is followed by two paragraphs that describe Roosevelt’s creation of national parks and monuments and closes with a quotation on conservation from his A Book-Lover’s Holiday in the Open.
A picture of Roosevelt examining a bird egg along with two unidentified men at a federal bird reservation in 1915 accompanies the article.
President Coolidge, recognizing that several areas of ruins intended to be included in Theodore Roosevelt’s original proclamation establishing Chaco Canyon National Monument were left out, expands the boundaries of Chaco Canyon National Monument.
Chaco Canyon National Historical Park
1928-01-10
President Roosevelt, using the authority granted to him under the Antiquities Act of 1906, establishes Chaco Canyon National Monument for the protection of the prehistoric remains in that area, and for the public good.
Chaco Canyon National Historical Park
1907-03-11
President Roosevelt proclaims the natural formations known as the Pinnacles Rocks within the Pinnacles National Forest as the Pinnacles National Monument.
1908-01-16
President Roosevelt proclaims the formations known as the Pinnacles Rocks, within Pinnacles National Forest, Pinnacles National Monument; a map diagrams the boundaries of the monument.
1908-01-16
President Harding proclaims an addition to Pinnacles National Monument, and includes a diagram of the borders of that addition.
1923-05-07