Theodore Roosevelt, a Civil War general, and the battle for labor peace
Subject(s): Anthracite Coal Strike (Pennsylvania : 1902), Baer, George F. (George Frederick), 1842-1914, Cleveland, Grover, 1837-1908, Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901, Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893, Knox, Philander C. (Philander Chase), 1853-1921, Labor disputes, Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925, Mitchell, John, 1870-1919, Morgan, J. Pierpont (John Pierpont), 1837-1913, Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919, Root, Elihu, 1845-1937, Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906, Strikes and lockouts--Coal mining, United Mine Workers of America
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Louis B. Livingston examines why President Theodore Roosevelt chose retired general John McAllister Schofield to command the troops needed to seize coal mines during the anthracite coal strike of 1902. Livingston chronicles Schofield’s military service, and he details his command of troops during five labor disputes during the late nineteenth century. Livingston contends that Roosevelt was drawn to Schofield’s exemplary record, his support of Army reforms, and the restraint he showed during previous strikes. Livingston suggests that Roosevelt’s threat to seize the mines moved the parties, the mine owners and the United Mine Workers, to accept arbitration. Livingston also explores other aspects of the strike negotiations such as Roosevelt’s poor relationship with General Nelson Appleton Miles and the degree to which Roosevelt kept his plans to seize the mines if necessary a secret.
Four illustrations and a photograph supplement the text.
Collection
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
Creation Date
2013
Creator(s)
Livingston, Louis B. (Louis Bayer), 1941-
Language
English
Period
Theodore Roosevelt and Public Memory (1919-present)
Page Count
12
Production Method
Record Type
Image
Resource Type
Rights
No permission is required from the Theodore Roosevelt Association to use items in the Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal collection for educational purposes. For permissions, contact William Tilchin at (516) 921-6319 or by email at wnt@bu.edu.
Citation
Cite this Record
Chicago:
Theodore Roosevelt, a Civil War general, and the battle for labor peace. [January 22, 2026]. Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal.
https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/digital-library/o308512. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University.
MLA:
Livingston, Louis B. (Louis Bayer), 1941-. Theodore Roosevelt, a Civil War general, and the battle for labor peace. [22 Jan. 2026]. Image.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University. January 22, 2026. https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/digital-library/o308512.
APA:
Livingston, Louis B. (Louis Bayer), 1941-., [2026, January 22]. Theodore Roosevelt, a Civil War general, and the battle for labor peace.
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University.
Retrieved from https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/digital-library/o308512.
Cite this Collection
Chicago:
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal. https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/collection/theodore-roosevelt-association-journal. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University.
MLA:
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University. January 22, 2026. https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/collection/theodore-roosevelt-association-journal.
APA:
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University. Retrieved from https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/collection/theodore-roosevelt-association-journal.
