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Hitchcock, Frank H. (Frank Harris), 1867-1935

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Motorizing America’s mail: A Roosevelt era initiative

Motorizing America’s mail: A Roosevelt era initiative

James Bruns explores the use of motorized vehicles–electric, steam, and gasoline powered–to deliver mail in major American cities in place of horse drawn wagons. Many of these experiments began with postmasters appointed by Theodore Roosevelt. Bruns examines the use of trucks in cities such as Detroit, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., and he notes the various manufacturers who competed to have their vehicles tested. Bruns reports that many of the tests were conducted during the busy Christmas season.

Eleven photographs of various motorized delivery vehicles populate the article.

Collection

Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal

The happening of the expected

The happening of the expected

William H. Taft hands Frank H. Hitchcock a medal labeled “Postmaster General” and pronounces him the winner of the “Great American Road Roller Race,” while an animated President Roosevelt appears jubilant and dances in the background.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-11-28

The deciding game for the White House championship

The deciding game for the White House championship

President Roosevelt pushes off the “big stick” and says, “Don’t flinch; don’t foul” as he leans on Timothy L. Woodruff who leans on George Rumsey Sheldon who leans on Secretary of State Elihu Root who leans on J. S. Sherman who leans on Frank H. Hitchcock who ultimately leans on William H. Taft who is fighting against William Jennings Bryan. On the other side William Randolph Hearst pours a “Standard Oil” can and says, “I’ll make ’em slip.” Meanwhile, Norman Edward Mack leans against Herman Ridder who leans against William James Conners who leans against Charles Francis Murphy who leans against John Worth Kern who leans against Bryan. Uncle Sam referees.

comments and context

Comments and Context

It was impressive cartoon that readers of the Brooklyn Eagle beheld in the Election Day edition of the paper. It was, properly, not partisan or biased toward a candidate or party, published as it was on Election Day when political argumentation traditionally ceased.

The clash to date leaves a few disabled

The clash to date leaves a few disabled

In the top left, John D. Rockefeller, pours “oil” down Oklahoma Governor Charles Nathaniel Haskell’s throat as crowds cheer, “Standard Oil, dah-de! Dah! Bryan, Bryan–Rah! Rah rah!” and “Taft’s a big man–ump-ti-de-de! He’s the guy for the pres-i-den-cee!” John D. Archbold chases down Ohio Senator Joseph Benson Foraker as Secretary of State Elihu Root runs into the fray. William Jennings Bryan fights William H. Taft supported by individuals in their parties: Charles Francis Murphy, Thomas Taggart, Henry Watterson, John W. Kern, Norman Edward Mack on the Democratic side and President Roosevelt, J. S. Sherman, Frank H. Hitchcock, and New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes on the Republican side. Uncle Sam referees.

comments and context

Comments and Context

This cartoon from the beginning of the last month of the 1908 presidential campaign offers a convenient summary of the major players, and a view likewise of the personalities involved the now nearly forgotten subplot that nearly overshadowed the main contest. The cartoonist is unknown, but the signature seems to be “Allen,” tempting one think it might be Clarence Allen, longtime political cartoonist of the Tulsa World but for the fact that he was ten years old when this cartoon was published.

The moon man!

The moon man!

William H. Taft in the shape of the moon uses a “my policies mirror” to get the sun in the shape of President Roosevelt to shine on him. Around the sun are three stars: J. S. Sherman, Frank H. Hitchcock, and Ohio Senator Joseph Benson Foraker. Taft sings, “I care not for the stars that shine.” Meanwhile, on “the earth,” a Republican elephant looks up toward the moon through a telescope. Caption: Presidential firmament.

comments and context

Comments and Context

Unseasoned cartoonists — and the St. Louis Republic’s Edward Joseph McBride did not have a long or distinguished career — often bite off more than they can chew, conceptually, or seldom are able to focus. These are two explanations for the nature of his usual genre cartoons. They are like mother hens, gathering as many topics and issues of a campaign week under its wings, instead of addressing one.

Ruffled!

Ruffled!

President Roosevelt sits on a throne, wearing a “Theodore I” crown” and holding a “my policies” big stick. There is a carpet labeled “G.O.P.” leading up to the throne. A small Frank H. Hitchcock stands beside a small steamroller on the carpet. Roosevelt asks Hitchcock, “Can’t you run that steam-roller any better?”

comments and context

Comments and Context

“Ruffled!”, the political cartoon by Edward Joseph McBride of the staunchly Democratic St. Louis Republic, was strangely prescient in its unconscious forecasting of a situation — even to its informal terminology — that attended the Republican nomination and election campaign four years in the future.

Oh, what a difference!

Oh, what a difference!

President Roosevelt tells William H. Taft “I’m getting disgusted with you, too, Bill Taft,” as he runs from “Oyster Bay” on “Sept. 22” with his big stick chasing Senator Joseph Benson Foraker and Frank H. Hitchcock. In Foraker’s hand is the “Standard Oil exposure.” Meanwhile, Taft says, “Foraker! Foraker! Foraker! Foraker! Foraker!” as he thinks back to “Sept. 2nd at Toledo, Ohio” where he shakes Foraker’s hand and both men say, “There never was any ill feeling between us,” as Roosevelt looks on and says, “Delighted.”

comments and context

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Bedlam!

Bedlam!

“Hot air” comes out of the “Rep. National Committee” as a bright sun in the shape of President Roosevelt’s face shines. A Republican elephant with “Standard Oil exposure” tied to its tail and “my policies” tied to one leg kicks Senator Joseph Benson Foraker. Foraker says, “I got mine, boys.” On the side is a “steamroller” and Frank H. Hitchcock, who has a “big can” tied to his suit, running away and saying, “I’m the original fall guy.” J. S. Sherman uses a net to attempt to capture a “vice presidency” bug and says, “I’ve got it!” while Speaker of the House Joseph Gurney Cannon stands on a stump, holding a “gag rule” gavel and a “Speech in Kansas,” and says, “And no one can boss me, d—n it.” Finally, William H. Taft rides Roosevelt’s big stick in circles and says, “I’m the heir to the Roosevelt policies and the best friend labor ever had.”

Comments and Context

In a genre drawing that might have made Breughel, or Bosch, seem modest, political cartoonist Edward McBride dipped his pen in venom as well as ink, and indicted a panoply of Republicans during the campaign of 1908. There is more malice than logic in the representations, and many characters are depicted engaged in pursuits that seem ad hominem.

President Roosevelt, for instance, is the sun warming the whole scene, and (presumably) cursing despite his toothy grin. Most of the drawings are self-explanatory, but a couple notes might be helpful. Senator Joseph Foraker of Ohio had recently been scorched by revelations from purloined letters in the Standard Oil files of corruption between the senator and the corporation. The exposure damaged his campaign for reelection.

At the government mum show

At the government mum show

There are nine “the going to keepmums,” which have the faces of all of the cabinet officers, on one shelf: Secretary of State Elihu Root, Secretary of War William H. Taft, Secretary of the Navy Charles J. Bonaparte, Attorney General William H. Moody, Secretary of the Treasury Leslie M. Shaw, Postmaster General George B. Cortelyou, Secretary of Commerce and Labor Victor H. Metcalf, Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson, and Secretary of the Interior Ethan A. Hitchcock. On an upper shelf are five “keep’mums”: “Keep,” “Pinchot,” “Hitchcock,” “Murray,” and “Garfield.” Caption: A few ‘mums not mentioned at the show.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1905-11-11

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Charles H. Young

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Charles H. Young

President Roosevelt tells Charles H. Young, President of the Republican Club of the City of New York, that he wishes he could be at an upcoming dinner honoring Frank H. Hitchcock, George Rumsey Sheldon and William L. Ward, but he will not be able to attend. He asks Young to convey his congratulations and thanks to the three men for their efforts during the recent election.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-11-26

Letter from John Appleton Stewart to William Loeb

Letter from John Appleton Stewart to William Loeb

John Appleton Stewart clarifies that the meetings for laboring men that William H. Taft and Governor Charles Evans Hughes will speak at are in Harlem. He tells William Loeb that a railroad men’s league is being organized, and that they will support Taft. Stewart encloses a letter that shows Frank H. Hitchcock’s attitude toward John Hays Hammond and his work. Stewart does not understand how Hitchcock cannot see the value of Hammond’s political influence.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-10-13

Roosevelt strikes the nail on the head

Roosevelt strikes the nail on the head

The Enquirer praises President Roosevelt’s recent speech condemning “the great and sinister moneyed interests,” and writes that in addition to breaking off ties to the Standard Oil Company the Republican party should sever ties with other trusts as well. The article further calls for the Chairmen of both parties to transparently publish receipts and expenditures from all national and state committees to show where donations are coming from. A following article praises William Randolph Hearst for showing the necessity of an Independence party by showing the sorts of relations the Republicans and Democrats have to corporations.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-10-01

Letter from William H. Taft to Theodore Roosevelt

Letter from William H. Taft to Theodore Roosevelt

William H. Taft shares commentary on William Allen White’s letter with President Roosevelt. In his upcoming speech, Taft does not address the “negro question” but plans to do so later. Taft enjoyed the speeches of Secretary of State Elihu Root and Representative J. S. Sherman. In a postscript, Taft believes in the necessity of renominating Governor Charles Evans Hughes. He shares misgivings about his election prospects and wants to give speeches in several states.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-08-20

Telegram from Henry Cabot Lodge to Theodore Roosevelt

Telegram from Henry Cabot Lodge to Theodore Roosevelt

Senator Lodge agrees with President Roosevelt’s telegram stating that the seating of delegates at the Republican National Convention should be decided on the merits of each case, rather than on compromise. Thus far there have been no dubious cases. Now that Solomon Luna has arrived, Lodge believes it would be unwise for Chairman of the Republican National Committee Frank H. Hitchcock to take another proxy or sit on committee.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-06-07

Efforts of administration to use federal patronage to aid secretary brings war

Efforts of administration to use federal patronage to aid secretary brings war

Frank H. Hitchcock, Secretary of War William H. Taft’s campaign manager, has allegedly been using federal patronage positions to drive political support for Taft’s candidacy. As a response to this, a number of United States Senators who oppose President Roosevelt have rejected federal appointments in Ohio, Oklahoma, and North Carolina in an effort to hinder Roosevelt and Taft.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-03-16

Letter from John Callan O’Laughlin to Theodore Roosevelt

Letter from John Callan O’Laughlin to Theodore Roosevelt

John Callan O’Laughlin sees no improvement in the Republican political situation and shares his thoughts on various issues with Theodore Roosevelt. He discusses the insurgents’ relationship with President William H. Taft and his recent appointments to the Supreme Court and other administrative agencies. Taft swung around to the tariff commission plan, recognizing it as an important issue for the upcoming campaign. O’Laughlin does not think the ship subsidy bill will pass, although there is an appropriation for constructing fortifications for the Panama Canal. The national committee will not meet next month. The administration knows Taft’s renomination depends upon Roosevelt’s approval or his refusal to be nominated. The Japan question is “muddled,” and there are various “pin pricks which cannot but be harmful” to the countries’ relationship. O’Laughlin disagrees with Senator Henry Cabot Lodge about Senator William Lorimer’s case and asks Roosevelt for a statement on the matter.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1910-12-31

Oklahoma incident amazes

Oklahoma incident amazes

Following the failure of Grosvenor Porter to be confirmed as marshal of the Eastern District of Oklahoma, the article alleges that Frank H. Hitchcock, aligned with Secretary of War William H. Taft’s bid for the presidential nomination, made a deal with Samuel G. Victor to appoint him as marshal in return for his support of Taft’s campaign. Cassius M. Cade and Pliny L. Soper, Republican national committeemen from Oklahoma, helped engineer the deal.

Collection

Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Creation Date

1908-03-06